{"id":2752,"date":"2024-04-18T19:42:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T23:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/montrealirishmonument.com\/archeologie\/"},"modified":"2025-01-17T15:48:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T20:48:55","slug":"archeologie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/montrealirishmonument.com\/fr\/archeologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Arch\u00e9ologie"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Vestiges de 14 victimes individuelles de Black 47<\/h1>\n

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Les arch\u00e9ologues du REM sur le site<\/h2>\n

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En novembre 2019, une \u00e9quipe d’arch\u00e9ologues a entrepris des fouilles sur le site du cimeti\u00e8re de Black Rock. Leur mission a \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9e par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’installer un pilier du REM (R\u00e9seau express m\u00e9tropolitain), dont on soup\u00e7onne qu’il croise le terrain du cimeti\u00e8re. Dans un souci de d\u00e9veloppement responsable, l’entreprise a collabor\u00e9 avec la communaut\u00e9 irlandaise de Montr\u00e9al pour financer les fouilles et assurer un traitement respectueux des restes humains d\u00e9couverts.<\/p>\n

Cette entreprise a marqu\u00e9 le premier effort arch\u00e9ologique officiel sur le site. L’arch\u00e9ologue en chef, Martin Perron, a soulign\u00e9 l’importance historique du site, en faisant remarquer qu’avant cette fouille, les seuls restes humains analys\u00e9s de migrants irlandais au Qu\u00e9bec \u00e9taient ceux de dix-huit personnes trouv\u00e9es \u00e0 Cap-des-Rosiers, identifi\u00e9es comme des naufrag\u00e9s de l’\u00e9pave de Carricks.<\/p>\n

L’inscription sur le monument de Black Rock estime que 6 000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s irlandais sont enterr\u00e9s dans le cimeti\u00e8re, mais l’identit\u00e9 et l’histoire de ceux qui y sont enterr\u00e9s sont rest\u00e9es jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent largement voil\u00e9es de myst\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

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En creusant m\u00e9ticuleusement un trou cylindrique de 7 m2, l’\u00e9quipe a mis au jour les restes de 14 personnes reposant dans des cercueils en pin blanc. Parmi eux, sept adultes, dont deux hommes et deux femmes, trois adolescents et quatre enfants.<\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus sur ces personnes fascinantes, notamment sur le r\u00e9gime alimentaire de l’enfance et les maladies courantes, lisez le rapport complet ici. Les histoires d’un nourrisson de 12 \u00e0 24 mois et d’un jeune gar\u00e7on qui s’appuyait sur une b\u00e9quille sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9mouvantes. Il est poignant de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux voyages ardus que ces personnes ont endur\u00e9s – de leur domicile aux bateaux-cercueils, la plupart du temps \u00e0 pied, survivant \u00e0 des mois d’\u00e9preuves \u00e0 bord de navires surpeupl\u00e9s et rong\u00e9s par la maladie, pour finalement succomber \u00e0 la maladie sur des rivages \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n

C’est en honorant la m\u00e9moire de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s que la fondation s’efforce de faire en sorte que ce site, leur derni\u00e8re demeure, re\u00e7oive la comm\u00e9moration digne qu’il m\u00e9rite.<\/p>\n

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RENCONTRE AVEC LES VICTIMES DE L’ANN\u00c9E NOIRE 47<\/h4>\n

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Qui sont ces victimes ?<\/h2>\n

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L’arch\u00e9ologie fait revivre leur histoire apr\u00e8s plus de 170 ans<\/p>\n

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Individu 5A11<\/span><\/h4>\n

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Jeune homme de 15 \u00e0 17 ans<\/h4>\n

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Malgr\u00e9 un \u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral satisfaisant, le squelette pr\u00e9sentait plusieurs probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9. Des marques de gu\u00e9rison sur l’orbite oculaire gauche t\u00e9moignaient de stress subi pendant l’enfance. Il avait une fracture de c\u00f4te gu\u00e9rie depuis sa jeunesse, probablement caus\u00e9e par un impact direct. Heureusement, ses os de l’\u00e9paule l’ont prot\u00e9g\u00e9 contre des dommages graves. Au moment du d\u00e9c\u00e8s, il avait une infection bact\u00e9rienne \u00e0 la hanche droite, provoquant une faiblesse et une atrophie musculaire de la jambe droite. De plus, il souffrait de probl\u00e8mes articulaires, ind\u00e9pendants de l’infection, impliquant un cartilage d\u00e9tach\u00e9 au niveau du tibia droit et de l’os du pied gauche en raison d’une activit\u00e9 intense.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A16<\/h4>\n

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Homme de 25 \u00e0 30<\/h4>\n

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Homme robuste \u00e2g\u00e9 de 25 \u00e0 30 ans, mesurant environ 1,80 m\u00e8tre. <\/span>Ses os montraient des signes de travail intense, avec une croissance suppl\u00e9mentaire l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les muscles s’attachaient. Il avait des dommages \u00e0 ses poignets et \u00e0 ses os du bras, probablement dus \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me articulaire appel\u00e9 ost\u00e9ochondrite diss\u00e9quante. Il souffrait \u00e9galement d’arthrite l\u00e9g\u00e8re au niveau de la colonne vert\u00e9brale, probablement due \u00e0 son mode de vie actif. Une ligne hypoplastique sur la canine sup\u00e9rieure gauche (voir photo 15) indique un \u00e9pisode de stress qui a perturb\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de l’\u00e9mail vers l’\u00e2ge de 2,5 ans. Ce stress s’est probablement produit vers 1820-1825, une p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle l’Irlande connaissait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des \u00e9pisodes cibl\u00e9s de famine.<\/p>\n

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Individu 5A15<\/h4>\n

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\u00e2g\u00e9 de 12 – 24 mois<\/h4>\n

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Un des individus les plus jeunes d\u00e9couverts. Leur \u00e2ge dentaire est compris entre 12 et 24 mois. Cependant, leur \u00e2ge osseux est tr\u00e8s discordant, car la longueur des os sugg\u00e8re un \u00e2ge de 3 \u00e0 6 mois. Il est clair que cet enfant a connu un retard de croissance significatif par rapport \u00e0 son \u00e2ge dentaire. Aucune l\u00e9sion osseuse n’est visible, ce qui n’est pas surprenant compte tenu de l’\u00e2ge de l’individu. Peu de pathologies affectent les os en si peu de temps. La malnutrition et le typhus sont probablement parmi les premiers stress auxquels le corps a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 et qu’il n’a pas pu surmonter.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A10 <\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u00c2g\u00e9 de 14 \u00e0 16 ans<\/h4>\n

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La maturation osseuse sugg\u00e8re une tranche d’\u00e2ge de 14 \u00e0 16 ans. Bien que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments osseux coxaux soient fusionn\u00e9s, le sexe reste ind\u00e9termin\u00e9. Il mesurait probablement entre 1,64 et 1,67 m\u00e8tre. Il mesurait probablement entre 1,64 et 1,67 m\u00e8tre. Ses muscles, surtout aux genoux et aux \u00e9paules, \u00e9taient bien d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s. De plus, il y a un signe sur l’os de la jambe qui sugg\u00e8re qu’il s’accroupissait souvent sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A12 <\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u00c2g\u00e9 de 9 \u00e0 14 ans<\/h4>\n

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Malgr\u00e9 son jeune \u00e2ge, il avait du tartre sur ses dents. Il avait \u00e9galement une l\u00e9g\u00e8re condition osseuse et des signes de probl\u00e8mes pass\u00e9s au niveau de l’orbite oculaire. Son bras gauche \u00e9tait plus court et plus mince que le droit, sugg\u00e9rant un \u00e9ventuel probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, mais aucun probl\u00e8me visible n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9. Il avait une paire de c\u00f4tes de moins que la normale, mais cela n’affectait pas sa vie. Sa colonne vert\u00e9brale pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement une l\u00e9g\u00e8re diff\u00e9rence, mais elle ne cause aucun probl\u00e8me non plus.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A14<\/span><\/h4>\n

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Femme de plus de 60 ans<\/h4>\n

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Cette femme avait plus de 60 ans. Elle souffrait d’arthrite l\u00e9g\u00e8re dans toutes ses articulations, avec des excroissances osseuses suppl\u00e9mentaires. Une petite partie de son coude gauche avait son cartilage compl\u00e8tement us\u00e9, laissant l’os comme surface articulaire. La partie inf\u00e9rieure de ses os de jambe pr\u00e9sentait des signes d’accroupissement.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A17<\/h4>\n

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Homme de 30 \u00e0 60 ans<\/h4>\n

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Cet homme pr\u00e9f\u00e9rait utiliser son bras droit, probablement en raison de la forme de ses tendons au fil du temps. Il avait des dommages articulaires avanc\u00e9s dans son avant-bras droit et son pied gauche, probablement dus \u00e0 l’usure. Ses dents n’\u00e9taient pas en tr\u00e8s bon \u00e9tat ; elles avaient du tartre et certaines \u00e9taient us\u00e9es jusqu’\u00e0 la dentine. Il avait perdu quelques molaires, et il y avait une infection l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l’une d’elles avait \u00e9t\u00e9. Il y a des preuves qu’il a peut-\u00eatre fum\u00e9 la pipe, une mani\u00e8re courante d’utiliser le tabac des ann\u00e9es 1600 au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1900. Cela correspond au contexte historique de la communaut\u00e9 irlandaise, connue pour fumer la pipe, trouv\u00e9e sur les sites arch\u00e9ologiques de Griffintown.<\/p>\n

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Individu 5A7 <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u00c2g\u00e9 de 2,5 \u00e0 5 ans<\/h4>\n

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Cette s\u00e9pulture, \u00e9tiquet\u00e9e 5A7, a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9e positionn\u00e9e au pied des autres s\u00e9pultures et align\u00e9e d’est en ouest. Elle appartient \u00e0 un enfant estim\u00e9 entre 2,5 et 5 ans, d\u00e9termin\u00e9 en examinant le d\u00e9veloppement de ses dents restantes. L’\u00e9tat de fusion de certaines parties osseuses et la longueur des os longs correspondent \u00e0 cet \u00e2ge dentaire estim\u00e9. Lors d’un examen de base des os, aucun probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 rep\u00e9r\u00e9, \u00e0 l’exception de quelque tartre sur la molaire de b\u00e9b\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure droite.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Individu 5A9<\/h4>\n

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Femme de plus de 21 ans<\/h4>\n

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L’individu est une femme de plus de 21 ans et mesure environ 1,55 \u00e0 1,60 m\u00e8tre. De plus, un seul cr\u00e2ne adulte a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 dans la zone ouest, pr\u00e9sentant des sutures partiellement fusionn\u00e9es et des l\u00e9sions poreuses, possiblement li\u00e9es \u00e0 une an\u00e9mie ferriprive, bien que d’autres causes soient \u00e9galement envisag\u00e9es, telles que l’inflammation ou les an\u00e9mies cong\u00e9nitales, indiquant un stress non sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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